Tobramycin-aminoglycoside antibiotic
Tobramycin, CAS: 32986-56-4, also known as Topomycin or Nebcin, is a type of aminoglycoside antibiotic. OSAT is a great Tobramycin/Nebcin manufacturer. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is commonly found in the form of sulfate. Its spectrum of antibacterial activity is similar to that of kanamycin, but it is 2 to 4 times more potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and it is also effective against strains resistant to kanamycin. Its activity against other Gram-negative bacteria is slightly lower than that of kanamycin. Tobramycin can be used to treat various severe infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria, but it is generally not the first-choice drug.
OSAT is a China Tobramycin/Nebcin manufacturer. Tobramycin is a type of aminoglycoside antibiotic with relatively low clinical resistance. PathoGenesis Corporation (acquired by Novartis in 2001) initially developed the tobramycin inhalation solution, which received FDA approval in December 1997 under the brand name TOBI® for the treatment of recurrent lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. Healthcare providers now utilize it as a first-line treatment for early-stage infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs.
The antibacterial action of Tobramycin is similar to that of Gentamicin and Vancomycin. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, but it is not effective against fungi. In Gram-negative bacteria, Tobramycin has a stronger effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to other aminoglycoside antibiotics. Some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are resistant to Gentamicin remain sensitive to Tobramycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Tobramycin for the majority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ≤1.5μg/ml, and for most Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter, and Salmonella species, it is also ≤1.5μg/ml.
Staphylococcus aureus is similarly sensitive to both Tobramycin and Gentamicin, with the minimum inhibitory concentration for most methicillin-susceptible strains being below 1μg/ml. However, Tobramycin’s effect on Enterococcus is weak, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of ≥25μg/ml. For Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci, and pyogenic streptococci, the minimum inhibitory concentration is often greater than 25μg/ml. There is incomplete cross-resistance between bacteria to Tobramycin and Gentamicin.
Pharmacokinetics: This drug, after intramuscular injection, undergoes rapid and complete absorption. It primarily distributes in the extracellular fluid, with 5% to 15% redistributing into tissues, accumulating in renal cortex cells. Additionally, it can pass through the placenta. The volume of distribution (Vd) is 0.26 L/kg, and the drug concentration in urine is notably high; after intramuscular injection of 1 mg/kg, urinary concentration can reach 75-100 mg/L. Concentrations effective for therapy can reach synovial fluid, while concentrations in bronchial secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, bile, feces, breast milk, and aqueous humor remain low.
Blood concentration after intramuscular injection of 1 mg/kg is approximately 4 mg/L; intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg within one hour yields blood concentrations similar to intramuscular injection. The blood elimination half-life is 1.9 to 2.2 hours, with a very low protein binding rate. The body does not metabolize the drug, but rather excretes it via glomerular filtration. Within 24 hours, the body excretes approximately 85% to 93% of the administered dose. Clearance of the drug can occur through blood or peritoneal dialysis.
Clinical Application:
(1) Neonatal sepsis, septicemia, central nervous system infections (including meningitis), urinary and reproductive system infections, pulmonary infections, biliary tract infections, abdominal infections and peritonitis, skeletal infections, burn infections, skin and soft tissue infections, acute and chronic otitis media, sinusitis, etc.
(2) Used in combination therapy for infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (excluding methicillin-resistant strains).
(3)Healthcare providers can use topical administration to treat eye infections caused by Gram-negative rods, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
(4) The cure rate for urinary tract infections can reach 79%, with an efficacy rate of 87.5%, especially for uncomplicated urinary tract infections, where the efficacy is significant. The cure rate for complicated urinary tract infections is lower, and recurrence is common.
Tobramycin is a single-component antibiotic that contains approximately 10% nebramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic similar to Gentamicin, with high activity against Gram-negative rods.